What Are The Signs of Periodontal Disease?

Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, is an oral health condition that primarily affects the gums but can also impact the bones supporting the teeth. It is often a result of poor oral hygiene, which leads to the buildup of plaque on the teeth. Over time, this plaque hardens into tartar, which is much more difficult to remove and can cause irritation and inflammation of the gums. However, other factors can contribute to the development of periodontal disease, including smoking, hormonal changes (such as those during pregnancy or menopause), genetic proneness, certain illnesses (like diabetes), and medications that reduce saliva flow.

Recognizing the signs and symptoms of periodontal disease is key to preventing its progression and ensuring the maintenance of good oral health. Here are 10 signs that you might have periodontal disease:

Bleeding Gums and Red, Swollen, or Tender Gums
One of the earliest symptoms of periodontal disease is bleeding gums, especially noticeable during routine brushing or flossing. Healthy gums should not bleed from these everyday activities. In addition to bleeding, the gums may appear red, swollen, or tender when touched. This inflammation is a direct response to the toxins produced by the bacteria in plaque.

Bad Breath or Bad Taste
Persistent bad breath (halitosis) or a lingering bad taste in the mouth can also be a sign of periodontal disease. These symptoms are often caused by the decay and infection below the gum line, where regular brushing and flossing cannot reach.

Receding Gums, Loose or Shifting Teeth, and Changes in Bite
As the disease progresses, the gums may begin to recede, pulling away from the teeth. This recession can make the teeth appear longer than normal and expose more of the tooth or even the root. This exposure can lead to increased sensitivity to hot, cold, or sweet foods and drinks. Additionally, in the more advanced stages of the disease, the teeth may become loose or start to shift in the mouth. This shifting can alter the way your teeth fit together when biting and can significantly affect your bite and overall oral function.

Pus Between Teeth and Gums and Pain When Chewing
The presence of pus between the teeth and gums is another alarming sign of advanced periodontal disease. This indicates a severe infection that requires immediate professional attention. Furthermore, pain or discomfort when chewing can be a symptom of this condition, as the disease can affect the stability and health of the teeth.

Sensitive Teeth and Gums Pulling Away from the Teeth
Patients with periodontal disease may also notice that their gums have formed deep pockets, further pulling away from the teeth. These pockets can harbor more bacteria, exacerbating the problem and potentially leading to more severe health issues, including tooth loss.